X-ray inspection – also known as radiographic testing – is a non-destructive testing method that makes the interior of components visible. In transformer manufacturing, it is used, among other things, to check welds, soldered connections, and components in critical areas. Non-destructive testing with X-rays produces images of the inside of components that would otherwise not be accessible – an indispensable tool of modern manufacturing.
What is X-ray inspection used for in energy technology?
Typical applications include checking welds on tanks, vessels, and pressure containers, inspecting castings, examining soldered connections in conductor joints, and checking winding end connections. X-rays reveal internal structures, which are then examined for cracks, pores, or inclusions.
Key Characteristics at a Glance
- Non-destructive testing method (NDT)
- Detection of cracks, pores, voids, and inclusions
- Applied to welds, castings, and soldered connections
- High resolution with modern digital detector technology
- Complete documentation for quality verification
- Digital detectors now largely replace X-ray film
- 3D computed tomography for complex component geometries
Frequently Asked Questions
What standards apply to X-ray inspection of welds?
For pressure vessels and welded joints, the standards DIN EN ISO 17636 and EN 13445 are decisive. They define inspection volumes, sensitivity classes, and evaluation criteria that are crucial for the certification of components and installations.
How is radiation protection ensured during X-ray inspection?
Inspection is carried out in shielded rooms or with special mobile radiation shielding setups. Only qualified personnel certified by the relevant authority are permitted to carry out the inspection. Strict regulations under radiation protection law ensure the safety of personnel and the surrounding area.
What alternatives exist to X-ray inspection?
Depending on the application, ultrasonic, eddy current, or magnetic particle testing can be used. Each method has its strengths: ultrasonic testing is good for deep-seated flaws, eddy current testing for near-surface defects, and magnetic particle testing on ferromagnetic surfaces. X-ray inspection provides the most comprehensive information on internal volumetric defects.
How is the quality of an X-ray inspection documented?
The digital images are archived together with a test report, component identification, the test parameters used, and an assessment by certified inspectors. For critical components, this documentation is often kept for the entire service life of the installation to ensure later traceability.
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